Rule Of Thirds: The rule of thirds says that you should position the most important element(dominant) in your scenes along these lines, or at a point where they intersect.Doing so will add balance and interest to your photo.
Balancing Elements: Placing your main subject off-center, as with the words of thirds,creates a more interesting photo but can leave a vod in the scene which can make it feel empty.You should balance the "weight" of your subject by including another object of the lesser importance(subcordinate emphasis) to fill the space.
Leading Lines: When we look at a photo, our eyes are drawn along the lines you can affect the ways you view the image.
Pulling us into the picture.
pulling us to the subject.
Taking us on a journey through the scene.
Use of Lines
Horizontal lines:
Lends a static, calm feel to a picture
Vertical lines:
Often suggest permance and stability
Diagonal lines:
introduce feeling of drama, movement, uncertainty
Symmetry and Pattern: They can make for very eye-catching compositions, particularly in situations where they are not expected. Another great way to use them is to break the symmetry or pattern in some way, introducing tension and a focal point to the scene.
View Points: You are the viewer. Your camera is the eye. Depending on your viewpoint, you will create a different mood or feeling, making objects or subjects seem equal, dominant or subordinate.
Birds Eye View: elevated view of an object from above, with a perspective as though the observer was a bird.
Bugs Eye View: a perspective seen from below or from a low position as though the observer was a bug.
Framing: By placing around the edge of a composition you help to isolate the main subject from the outside world. The result is a more focused image which draws your eyes naturally to the focal point.(main point of interest)
Cropping: By cropping tight around the subject to eliminate the background "noise", ensuring the subject gets the viewers undivided attention.
Perspective: Sometimes a change of perspective can add impact to a photograph. Try taking a photo from a different angle, through a window, or a doorway. Think about changing from your norm. Try crouching down, or moving left or right.
Odd Numbers: The rules of odds state that images are more visually appealing when there is an odd number of subjects. For example, if you are going to place more than one person in a photograph, don't use two, Use 3,5,or 7. Studies have shown that people are actually more at ease and comfort when viewing imagery with an odd number of subjects.
Space: In order to portray movement, context and the idea that the photo is bigger than just the part you are seeing, you need to leave clutter free "white" spaces. Leaving the space in the direction a subject is looking or moving will allow for the viewer to wonder hat is just beyond the boundaries of the photo.